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Scholarly References to 1979 Article

Letter from William M. Reddy, Ph.D., Chair, Deparment of History, Duke University (my brother), on the surprising number of references to the original conduit metaphor article.

June 12, 2007

Dear Michael,

Two years ago, in California, I got to know a linguist named Gregory Ward (Northwestern). He was surprised to learn that I was your brother, and very dismayed to learn that you, the author of the classic article "The Conduit Metaphor," had left academia.

Same thing happened at a conference at UCLA in March: Zoltán Kövecses, a linguist from Budapest, asked me if I was related to you, and expressed dismay that you were not in academia.

The other day I was messing around with Web of Science and checked the number of hits that showed up for "The Conduit Metaphor." A list of 354 articles came up. (Attached.)

This is a very high number of hits for a scientific publication. The average article gets about 1 hit. Articles in the very top journals will average 10 hits. Anything over 50 is fantastic. A total of 354 is truly a classic article. Many people get promoted to full professor with 354 hits for their whole career.

Just thought you would be interested.

Bill

The list of 354 scholarly/scientific references to the 1979 article from the Web of Science, June 2007.  These break down as follows: 

  • 137 in linguistics
  • 45 in information science
  • 43 in psychology
  • 38 in education
  • 17 in sociology
  • 15 in anthropology
  • 10 in law
  • 9 in business/economics
  • 8 in neurology
  • 7 in medicine
  • 5 in political science
  • 4 each in the arts, biology, environmental science, and mathematics
  • 1 each in architecture, geography, parapsychology and robotics

 

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Ackermann, E., “Direct and mediated experience: Their role in learning,” Lessons from Learning: SE IFIP Transactions A—Computer Science and Technology, 1994, vol. 46, pp. 13–22

Adelsward, V., Sachs, L., “The messenger’s dilemmas: Giving and getting information in genealogical mapping for hereditary cancer,” Health Risk & Society, Jul. 2003, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 125–138

Ahearn, L.M., “Language and agency,” Annual Review of Anthropology, 2001, vol. 30, pp. 109–137

Allbritton, D.W., “When metaphors function as schemas: Some cognitive effects of conceptual metaphors,” Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 1995, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 33–46

Allbritton, D.W., McKoon, G, Gerrig, R.J., “Metaphor-based schemas and text representations: Making connections through conceptual metaphors,” Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory and Cognition, May 1995, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 612–625

Alldredge, S., Derryberry, W.P., Crowson, M., Iran-Nejad, A., “Rethinking the origin of morality and moral development,” Journal of Mind and Behavior, Winter–Spring 2000, vol. 21, no. 1–2, pp. 105–128

Andresen, J.T., “The behaviorist turn in recent theories of language,” Behavior and Philosophy, Spring–Summer 1992, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–19

Appelt, D.E., “Planning and language generation in problem-solving systems,” AFIPS Conference Proceedings, 1985, vol. 54, pp. 99–+

Arrington, P.K., “Tropes of the composing process,” College English, Apr. 1986, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 325–338

Ashton, E., “Extending the scope of metaphor: An examination of definitions old and new and their significance for education,” Educational Studies, Jul. 1997, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 195–208

Avison, D.E., Eardley, W.A., Powell, P., “Suggestions for capturing corporate vision in strategic information systems,” Omega—International Journal of Management Science, Aug. 1998, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 443–459

Axley, S.R., “Managerial and organizational communication in terms of the conduit metaphor,” Academy of Management Review, 1984, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 428–437

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Bakker, E.J., “Discourse and performance: Involvement, visualization and presence in Homeric poetry,” Classical Antiquity, Apr. 1993, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–29

Barclay, M.W., “The metaphoric foundation of literal language: Towards a theory of the reification and meaning of psychological constructs,” Theory & Psychology, Jun. 1997, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 355–372

Bartelt, G., “The ethnography of second-language production,” IRAL—International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, Feb. 1997, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 23–35

Bechky, B.A., “Sharing meaning across occupational communities: The transformation of understanding on a production floor,” Organization Science, May–Jun. 2003, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 312–330

Belz, J.A., “Sight, space and symbolism: Motivating German case alternation in metaphorical extensions of physical domains,” American Journal of Semiotics, 1992, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 77–87

Berlin, R.M., Olson, M.E., Cano, C.E., Engel, S., “Metaphor and psychotherapy,” American Journal of Psychotherapy, Jul. 1991, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 359–367

Bhatia, S., “Language socialisation and the construction of socio-moral meanings,” Journal of Moral Education, Jun. 2000, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 149–166

Bhatia, S., “Morality in everyday life: Developmental perspectives,” Culture & Psychology, Dec. 1998, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 487–497

Bilodeau, W., “Writing, research and education,” Interchange, 1993, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 241–270

Birner, B.J., “Metaphor and the reshaping of our cognitive fabric,” Zygon, Mar. 2004, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 39–48

Bishop, E.L., “Metaphor and the subversive process of Woolf, Virginia Essays,” Style, Winter 1987, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 573–588

Blank, G.D, “Metaphors in the lexicon,” Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 1988, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 21–36

Blum, S.D., “Five approaches to explaining ‘truth’ and ‘deception’ in human communication,” Journal of Anthropological Research, Fall 2005, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 289–315

Bokeno, R.M., “Introduction: Appraisals of organizational learning as emancipatory change,” Journal of Organizational Change Management, 2003, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 603–618

Boland, R.J., Singh, J., Salipante, P., Aram, J.D., Fay, S.Y., Kanawattanachai, P., “Knowledge representations and knowledge transfer,” Academy of Management Journal, Apr.  2001, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 393–417

Boland, R.J., Tenkasi, R.V., “Perspective-making and perspective-taking in communities of knowing,” Organization Science, Jul.–Aug. 1995, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 350–372

Bowdle, B.F., Gentner, D., “The career of metaphor,” Psychological Review, Jan. 2005, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 193–216

Bowers, C.A., “Educational computing and the ecological crisis: Some questions about our curriculum priorities,” Journal of Curriculum Studies, Jan.–Feb. 1990, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 72–76

Bradburn, E., “The metaphorical space of Meredith’s ‘Diana of the Crossways,’ ” Studies in English Literature 1500–1900, Fall 2003, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 877–895

Brand, E., “The process of identifying children’s mental model of their own learning as inferred from learning a song,” Bulletin of the Council for Research in Musical Education, Fall 1998, no. 138, pp. 47–61

Brooks, F.B., Donato, R, “Vygotskyan approaches to understanding foreign-language learner discourse during communicative tasks,” Hispania—A Journal Devoted to the Teaching of Spanish and Portuguese, May 1994, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 262–274

Brown, G., “Focus, coherence and emphasis: Werth, R.,” Journal of Literary Semantics, Aug. 1986, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 142–145

Brown, G., “How conversation works: Wardhaugh, R.,” Sociological Review, May 1986, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 474–477

Bryant, A., “Chinese encyclopaedias and Balinese cockfights: Lessons for business-process change and knowledge management,” Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, Proceedings—SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 2000, vol. 1937, pp. 274–287

Bryant, A., “Metaphor, myth and mimicry: The bases of software engineering,” Annals of Software Engineering, 2000, vol. 10, pp. 273–292

Budiu, R., Anderson, J.R., “Interpretation-based processing: A unified theory of semantic sentence comprehension,” Cognitive Science, Jan.–Feb. 2004, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 1–44

Budwig, N., “Language, practices and the construction of personhood,” Theory & Psychology, Dec. 2000, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 769–786

Budwig, N., “Power in language: Verbal communication and social influence—Ng, S.H., Bradac, J.J.” Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Sep. 1995, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 339–342

Budwig, N., “The contribution of language to the study of mind: A tool for researchers and children,” Human Development, Nov.–Dec. 1999, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 362–368

Bushardt, S.C., Fretwell, C., Holdnak, B.J., “The mentor–protege relationship: A biological perspective,” Human Relations, Jun. 1991, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 619–639

Callanan, M., Cervantes, C., Sabbagh, M., “Conversation and conceptual development: Challenges, alternatives, and future directions,” Human Development, Nov.–Dec. 1999, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 356–361

Carlile, P.R., “A pragmatic view of knowledge and boundaries: Boundary objects in new-product development,” Organization Science, Jul.–Aug. 2002, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 442–455

Carlile, P.R., “Transferring, translating, and transforming: An integrative framework for managing knowledge across boundaries,” Organization Science, Sep.–Oct. 2004, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 555–568

Cassell, J., “Gesture and the poetics of prose,” Poetics Today, Fall 1991, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 375–404

Casson, R.W., “Schemata in cognitive anthropology,” Annual Review of Anthropology, 1983, vol. 12, pp. 429–462

Cekaite, A., Aronsson, K., “Repetition and joking in children’s second-language conversations: Playful recyclings in an immersion classroom,” Discourse Studies, Aug., 2004, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 373–392

Charteris-Black, J., “Britain as a container: Immigration metaphors in the 2005 election campaign,” Discourse and Society, Sep. 2006, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 563–581

Charteris-Black, J., “Second-language figurative proficiency: A comparative study of Malay and English,” Applied Linguistics, Mar. 2002, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 104–133

Chen, D.P., Singer, R.N., “Self-regulation and cognitive strategies in sport participation,” International Journal of Sport Psychology, Oct.–Dec. 1992, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 277–300

Clandinin, D.J., Connelly, F.M., “Stories to live by: Narrative understandings of school reform,” Curriculum Inquiry, Summer 1998, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 149–164

Clark, K.M., Cunningham, D.J., “Metaphors we teach by: An embodied cognitive analysis of No Child Left Behind,” Semiotica, 2006, vol. 161, no. 1–4, pp. 265–289

Clausner, T.C., Croft, W., “Productivity and schematicity in metaphors,” Cognitive Science, Jul.–Sep. 1997, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 247–282

Coles-Bjerre, A., “Bankruptcy theory and the acceptance of ambiguity,” Bankruptcy Law Journal, Summer, 2006, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 327–376

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Colomb, G.G., Griffin, J.A., “Coherence on and off the page: What writers can know about writing coherently,” New Literary History, Spring 2004, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 273–301

Continimorava, E., “Language and sexual difference: Feminist writing in France—Sellers, S.,” Language in Society, Mar. 1994, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 134–140

Cook, G., “Genes, memes, rhymes: Conscious poetic deviation in linguistic, psychological and evolutionary theory,” Language & Communication, Oct. 1995, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 375–391

Cooper, D.E., “Metaphors we live by,” Philosophy, 1985, Suppl. 18, pp. 43–58

Cooper, M.M., “The ecology of writing,” College English, Apr. 1986, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 364–375

Corman, S.R., Kuhn, T., “The detectability of socio-egocentric group speech: A quasi-Turing test,” Communication Monographs, Jun. 2005, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 117–143

Cowley, S.J., “Of timing, turn-taking, and conversations,” Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, Sep. 1998, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 541–571

Cox, S.M., McKellin, W., “ ‘There’s this thing in our family’: Predictive testing and the construction of risk for Huntington disease,” Sociology of Health and Illness, Sep. 1999, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 622–646

Coyne, R., Snodgrass, A., “Problem-setting within prevalent metaphors of design,” Design Issues, Summer 1995, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 31–61

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Day, R.E., “The ‘conduit metaphor’ and the nature and politics of information studies,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Jul. 2000, vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 805–811

De Guerrero, M.C.M., Villamil, O.S., “Exploring ESL teachers’ roles through metaphor analysis,” TESOL Quarterly, Summer 2000, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 341–351

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